Multimodal Peacebuilding: A New Framework for Understanding Youth Interfaith Activism

Abstract

In an age of persistent religious polarization, youth are pioneering innovative forms of interfaith activism that transcend traditional dialogue models. This qualitative metasynthesis proposes Multimodal Peacebuilding as a new theoretical framework for understanding how young people aged 15–30 harness visual, textual, sonic, gestural, and performative modes across digital platforms to foster meaningful interfaith engagement. Drawing on social semiotics (Kress & van Leeuwen, 2006) and relational peacebuilding theory, the framework conceptualizes multimodal peacebuilding as the strategic orchestration of multiple communication modes to construct shared meanings, reduce othering, and build relational bridges between faith communities.

The metasynthesis integrates findings from 15 peer-reviewed qualitative studies (2016–2023) conducted across Europe, North America, Southeast Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa. Studies employed interviews, digital ethnography, focus groups, and multimodal content analysis. Four interrelated dimensions of multimodal peacebuilding emerged: (1) symbolic hybridization, (2) affective performativity, (3) narrative co-creation, and (4) tactical navigation of constraints. Youth consistently demonstrated high levels of semiotic creativity, using hybrid imagery, collaborative rituals, and counter-narratives to challenge stereotypes and envision peaceful coexistence.

This study advances peacebuilding scholarship by shifting focus from verbal dialogue to multimodal practice, positioning youth as central innovators in interfaith relations. The proposed framework offers both theoretical depth and practical utility for educators, practitioners, and platform designers. Implications include the development of multimodal interfaith programs and platform policies that support constructive youth activism. Limitations involve sample biases toward digitally active youth and the rapidly changing digital landscape. Future research should test the framework through longitudinal and experimental designs.